1. Kulindeleke ukuba kuphuculwe umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli kwezintso kunye nokufa ngenxa yesifo sezintso
Iqela lemixholo yeWuXi AppTec Medical New Vision ikhuphe iindaba zokuba uphononongo lwabantu abayi-10,000 lubonise ukuba i-metformin inokuphucula umngcipheko wokusilela kwezintso kunye nokufa sisifo sezintso.
Uphononongo olupapashwe kwijenali ye-American Diabetes Association (ADA) “Ukhathalelo lwesifo seswekile” (Ukhathalelo lwesifo seswekile) lubonise ukuba amayeza kunye nohlalutyo lokusinda lwabantu abangaphezu kwe-10,000 lubonise ukuba uhlobo lwe-2 yesifo seswekile abaguli abanesifo sezintso ezingapheliyo (CKD) bathatha iMetformin ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokufa kunye nesifo sokugqibela sezintso (ESRD), kwaye ayinyusi ingozi ye-lactic acidosis.
Isifo sezintso esingapheliyo yingxaki eqhelekileyo yesifo seswekile.Ukuthathela ingqalelo ukuba abaguli abanesifo sezintso esibuthathaka banokumiselwa i-metformin, iqela lophando liphande izigulane ezingama-2704 kwiqela ngalinye kula mabini athatha i-metformin kwaye angayithathi i-metformin.
Iziphumo zibonise ukuba xa kuthelekiswa nabo bangazange bathathe i-metformin, izigulane ezithatha i-metformin zineepesenti ezingama-35 zokunciphisa umngcipheko wokufa okubangelwa yiyo yonke kunye ne-33% yokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuqhubela phambili kwisigaba sokugqibela sesifo sezintso.Ezi zibonelelo zavela ngokuthe ngcembe emva kweminyaka eyi-2.5 yokuthatha i-metformin.
Ngokwengxelo, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izikhokelo ze-FDA zase-US zincoma ukuphumla kokusetyenziswa kwe-metformin kwizigulana ezinesifo seswekile se-2 esinesifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo, kodwa kuphela kwizigulana ezinesifo sezintso.Kwizigulane ezinomlinganiselo ophakathi (inqanaba le-3B) kunye nesifo esibi kakhulu sesifo sezintso, ukusetyenziswa kwe-metformin kuseyimpikiswano.
UGqr. Katherine R. Tuttle, unjingalwazi kwiYunivesithi yaseWashington eUnited States, wathi: “Iziphumo zolu hlolisiso ziyomeleza.Nakwizigulane ezinesifo sezintso esiqatha, umngcipheko we-lactic acidosis uphantsi kakhulu.Kwizigulane ezinesifo seswekile esi-2 kunye nesifo esingapheliyo sezintso, i-metformin inokuba ngumlinganiselo wokuthintela ukufa kunye neyeza elibalulekileyo lokungaphumeleli kwezintso, kodwa ekubeni olu luphononongo lokubuyela emva kunye nokuqwalasela, iziphumo kufuneka zitolikwe ngononophelo. "
2. Amandla onyango awohlukeneyo eyeza lomlingo i-metformin
I-Metformin kunokuthiwa iyeza elidala elihlala ixesha elide.Kwi-upsurge yophando lweziyobisi ze-hypoglycemic, ngo-1957, isazinzulu saseFransi uStern sapapasha iziphumo zakhe zophando kwaye wongeza i-lilac extract enomsebenzi we-hypoglycemic kwiimbotyi zebhokhwe.IAlkali, ebizwa ngokuba yi-metformin, iGlucophage, oku kuthetha ukuba umntu otya iswekile.
Ngo-1994, i-metformin yamkelwa ngokusemthethweni yi-FDA yase-US ukuba isetyenziswe kuhlobo lwesi-2 seswekile.I-Metformin, njengeyeza eligunyazisiweyo kunyango lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2, idweliswe njengeyeza lokuqala le-hypoglycemic kwimigaqo eyahlukeneyo yonyango ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.Ineenzuzo zesiphumo esichanekileyo se-hypoglycemic, umngcipheko ophantsi we-hypoglycemia, kunye nexabiso eliphantsi.Okwangoku iyeza elisetyenziswa kakhulu Enye yeklasi yeziyobisi ze-hypoglycemic.
Njengechiza elivavanywa ixesha, kuqikelelwa ukuba bangaphezulu kwe-120 lezigidi abasebenzisi be-metformin kwihlabathi liphela.
Ngokunzulu kophando, amandla onyango e-metformin aye andiswa ngokuqhubekayo.Ukongeza kwizinto ezifunyenweyo zamva nje, i-metformin ifunyenwe ineziphumo eziphantse zibe ngama-20.
1. Impembelelo yokuguga
Okwangoku, i-US Food and Drug Administration ivume ulingo lweklinikhi "lokusebenzisa i-metformin ukulwa nokuguga".Isizathu sokuba izazinzulu zamanye amazwe zisebenzise i-metformin njengeyeza elichasa ukwaluphala kusenokuba kungenxa yokuba i-metformin inokunyusa inani leemolekyuli zeoksijini ezikhutshelwe kwiiseli.Ngaphezu kwako konke, oku kubonakala kwandisa ukomelela komzimba kunye nokwandisa ubomi.
2. Ukunciphisa umzimba
I-Metformin yi-agent ye-hypoglycemic engakwazi ukunciphisa umzimba.Inokunyusa uvakalelo lwe-insulin kunye nokunciphisa i-fat synthesis.Kwabaninzi abathandi beswekile be-2, ukulahleka kwesisindo ngokwawo yinto ehambelana nokulawulwa okuzinzile kweshukela egazini.
Uphononongo olwenziwa yi-United States Diabetes Prevention Programme (DPP) iqela lophando lubonise ukuba kwithuba lokufunda elingamfamekanga leminyaka eyi-7-8, izigulane ezafumana unyango lwe-metformin zalahlekelwa ngumyinge we-3.1 kg ubunzima.
3. Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphuphuma kwesisu kunye nokunikezelwa kwangaphambi kwexesha kwabasetyhini abathile abakhulelweyo
Uphando lwamva nje olupapashwe kwiLancet lubonisa ukuba i-metformin inokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphuphuma kwesisu kunye nokuhanjiswa kwangaphambi kwexesha kwabasetyhini abathile abakhulelweyo.
Ngokweengxelo, izazinzulu ezivela kwiYunivesithi yaseNorway yeSayensi kunye neTeknoloji (NTNU) kunye neSibhedlele saseSt Olavs zenze uphando malunga ne-20 iminyaka kwaye zafumanisa ukuba izigulane ezine-polycystic ovary syndrome zithatha i-metformin ekupheleni kweenyanga ze-3 zokukhulelwa zinganciphisa emva kokukhulelwa. ixesha lokuphuma kwesisu kunye nokuphuma kwesisu.Umngcipheko wokuzalwa kwangaphambi kwexesha.
4. Thintela ukudumba okubangelwa ngumsi
Iziphumo zophononongo zibonise ukuba iqela elikhokelwa nguNjingalwazi uScott Budinger weYunivesithi yaseNyakatho-ntshona yaqinisekisa kwiimpuku ukuba i-metformin inokuthintela ukuvuvukala okubangelwa ngumsi, ukuthintela iiseli ze-immune ekukhupheni i-molecule eyingozi egazini, inqanda ukubunjwa kwe-arterial thrombosis, kwaye ngaloo ndlela. ukunciphisa inkqubo ye-cardiovascular system.Umngcipheko wesifo.
5. Ukukhuselwa kwentliziyo
I-Metformin ineempembelelo zokukhusela kwi-cardiovascular and okwangoku kuphela kweyeza le-hypoglycemic elicetyiswa yimigaqo yesifo seswekile njengobungqina obucacileyo benzuzo ye-cardiovascular benefit.Uphononongo lubonise ukuba unyango lwexesha elide lwe-metformin lunxulumene kakhulu nokuncipha komngcipheko wesifo senhliziyo kwizigulana ezisanda kuxilongwa zesifo seswekile kunye nohlobo lwe-2 yezigulane zeswekile esele ziphuhliswe sisifo sentliziyo.
6. Ukuphucula i-polycystic ovary syndrome
I-Polycystic ovary syndrome sisifo esingaqhelekanga esibonakaliswa yi-hyperandrogenemia, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-ovarian, kunye ne-polycystic ovary morphology.I-pathogenesis yayo ayicacanga, kwaye izigulane zihlala zinemigangatho eyahlukeneyo ye-hyperinsulinemia.Uphononongo lubonise ukuba i-metformin inokunciphisa ukumelana ne-insulin, ibuyisele umsebenzi wayo we-ovulation, kunye nokuphucula i-hyperandrogenemia.
7. Ukuphucula i-intestinal flora
Uphononongo lubonise ukuba i-metformin inokubuyisela umlinganiselo weentyantyambo zamathumbu kwaye yenze ukuba itshintshe kwindlela efanelekileyo kwimpilo.Inika indawo yokuhlala enenzuzo kwibhaktheriya enenzuzo emathunjini, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa iswekile yegazi kwaye ilawula ngokufanelekileyo amajoni omzimba.
8. Kulindeleke ukuba kunyangwe olunye uphazamiseko
Kutshanje, abaphandi beDyunivesithi yaseMcGill bafumanise ukuba i-metformin inokunyanga iindlela ezithile ze-Fragile X syndrome nge-autism, kwaye olu phononongo olutsha lwapapashwa kwijenali yeNdalo yezoNyango, umba ophantsi weNdalo.Okwangoku, i-autism yenye yeemeko zonyango ezininzi ezikholelwa ukuba izazinzulu zinokunyangwa nge-metformin.
9. Reverse pulmonary fibrosis
Abaphandi kwiYunivesithi yase-Alabama eBirmingham bafumanisa ukuba kwizigulane zabantu ezine-idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis kunye neemodeli ze-mouse pulmonary fibrosis ezibangelwa yi-bleomycin, umsebenzi we-AMPK kwii-fibrotic tissues ziyancipha, kwaye izicubu zixhathisa iiseli I-apoptotic myofibroblasts yanda.
Ukusebenzisa i-metformin ukwenza i-AMPK isebenze kwi-myofibroblasts inokuvuselela ezi seli kwi-apoptosis.Ngapha koko, kwimodeli yegundwane, i-metformin inokukhawulezisa ukukhutshwa kwezicubu ze-fibrotic esele zenziwe.Olu phononongo lubonisa ukuba i-metformin okanye ezinye ii-agonists ze-AMPK zingasetyenziselwa ukuguqula i-fibrosis esele yenzekile.
10. Ncedisa ekuyekeni ukutshaya
Abaphandi kwiYunivesithi yasePennsylvania baye bafumanisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide le-nicotine kunokukhokelela ekusebenzeni kwendlela yokubonisa i-AMPK, evinjelwe ngexesha lokuhoxiswa kwe-nicotine.Ngoko ke, bagqiba ukuba ukuba amachiza asetyenziselwa ukuvula indlela yokubonisa i-AMPK, inokunciphisa impendulo yokuhoxiswa.
I-Metformin yi-agonist ye-AMPK.Xa abaphandi banika i-metformin kwiimpuku ezazinokurhoxiswa kwe-nicotine, bafumanisa ukuba iyayikhulula ukurhoxa kweempuku.Uphando lwabo lubonisa ukuba i-metformin ingasetyenziselwa ukunceda ukuyeka ukutshaya.
11. Isiphumo esichasayo
Ngaphambili, izifundo ze-preclinical kunye neklinikhi zibonise ukuba i-metformin ayinakuphucula kuphela ukuvuvukala okungapheliyo ngokuphucula imilinganiselo ye-metabolic efana ne-hyperglycemia, ukumelana ne-insulin kunye ne-atherosclerotic dyslipidemia, kodwa inefuthe elichasayo ngqo.
Uphononongo luye lwabonisa ukuba i-metformin inokuthintela ukuvutha, ngokukodwa nge-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) -ixhomekeke okanye inhibition ezimeleyo ye-nuclear transcription factor B (NFB).
12. Ukubuyisela umva ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo
Abaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseTexas eDallas baye benza imodeli yegundane elingisa ukukhubazeka kwengqondo okuhlobene nentlungu.Basebenzise le modeli ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwamachiza amaninzi.
Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba unyango lweegundane kunye ne-200 mg / kg ubunzima bomzimba we-metformin kwiintsuku ze-7 kunokuguqula ngokupheleleyo ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okubangelwa yintlungu.
I-Gabapentin, ephethe i-neuralgia kunye ne-epilepsy, ayinayo impembelelo enjalo.Oku kuthetha ukuba i-metformin inokusetyenziswa njengechiza elidala lokunyanga ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kwizigulane ezine-neuralgia.
13. Ukuthintela ukukhula kwethumba
Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, ngokutsho kwe-Singularity.com, abaphengululi be-European Institute of Oncology bafumanisa ukuba i-metformin kunye nokuzila ukutya kunokusebenza ngokubambisana ukuthintela ukukhula kwamathumba egundwane.
Ngophando olongezelelweyo, kwafunyaniswa ukuba i-metformin kunye nokuzila ukutya inqanda ukukhula kwe-tumor ngokusebenzisa indlela ye-PP2A-GSK3β-MCL-1.Uphando lwapapashwa kwiCell Cancer.
14. Inokuthintela ukuwohloka kwe-macular
UDkt. Yu-Yen Chen ovela kwiSibhedlele saseTaichung Veterans General eTaiwan, eChina usanda kufumanisa ukuba iziganeko ze-macular degeneration (AMD) ezinxulumene neminyaka yobudala kwizigulane ezine-2 yeswekile ezithatha i-metformin ziphantsi kakhulu.Oku kubonisa ukuba ngelixa ulawula isifo seswekile, imisebenzi echasayo kunye ne-antioxidant ye-metformin inefuthe lokukhusela kwi-AMD.
15. Okanye unokunyanga ukulahleka kweenwele
Iqela lika-Huang Jing, isazinzulu saseTshayina kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eLos Angeles, yafumanisa ukuba iziyobisi ezifana ne-metformin kunye ne-rapamycin zinokuvuselela iifollicle zeenwele kwisigaba sokuphumla seegundane ukungena kwisigaba sokukhula kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhula kweenwele.Uphando olunxulumeneyo luye lwapapashwa kwijenali yezemfundo eyaziwayo yeeNgxelo zeSeli.
Ngapha koko, xa izazinzulu zisebenzisa i-metformin ukunyanga abaguli abane-polycystic ovary syndrome e-China naseIndiya, baye baqaphela ukuba i-metformin inyanyaniswa nokuncipha kweenwele.
16. Ukubuyisela umva ubudala bebhayoloji
Kutshanje, iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yejenali yesayensi kunye nethekhnoloji yamazwe ngamazwe "Indalo" ipapashe iindaba ze-blockbuster.Iingxelo zibonisa ukuba uphando oluncinci lwekliniki eCalifornia lubonise okokuqala ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuguqula iwashi ye-epigenetic yomntu.Kunyaka ophelileyo, amavolontiya alithoba asempilweni athathe umxube wehomoni yokukhula kunye namachiza amabini eswekile, kubandakanya ne-metformin.Ukulinganiswa ngokuhlalutya abamakishi kwigenome yomntu, iminyaka yabo yebhayoloji yehle ngomyinge weminyaka eyi-2.5.
17. Iyeza elidityanisiweyo linokunyanga umhlaza wamabele one-triple-negative
Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, iqela elikhokelwa nguGqirha Marsha rich rosner weYunivesithi yaseChicago lifumanise ukuba indibaniselwano ye-metformin kunye nelinye iyeza elidala, i-heme (panhematin), inokujolisa kunyango lomhlaza wamabele ophindwe kathathu obeka esichengeni impilo yabasetyhini. .
Kwaye kukho ubungqina bokuba esi sicwangciso sonyango sinokusebenza kwiintlobo zomhlaza zemiphunga, umhlaza wezintso, umhlaza wesibeleko, umhlaza wesibeleko kunye ne-acute myeloid leukemia.Uphando olunxulumeneyo luye lwapapashwa kwijenali ephezulu yeNdalo.
18. Inokunciphisa imiphumo emibi yeglucocorticoids
Kutshanje, "I-Lancet-Diabetes and Endocrinology" yapapasha isifundo-iziphumo zophononongo zibonise ukuba kwisigaba sesi-2 sovavanyo lweklinikhi, i-metformin esetyenziswa kwizigulane ezinezifo ezingapheliyo ezivuthayo inokuphucula impilo ye-metabolic kunye nokunciphisa unyango lwe-glucocorticoid Imiphumo emibi kakhulu.
Iimvavanyo ziye zacebisa ukuba i-metformin inokusebenza ngeprotheyini ye-metabolic engundoqo ye-AMPK, kwaye indlela yokusebenza ichasene ngqo ne-glucocorticoids, kwaye inamandla okuguqula iziphumo ezibangelwa kukusetyenziswa okukhulu kweglucocorticoids.
19. Ithemba lokunyanga i-multiple sclerosis
Ngaphambili, iqela lophando elikhokelwa nguRobin JM Franklin weYunivesithi yaseCambridge kunye nomfundi wakhe uPeter van Wijngaarden bapapasha inqaku kwijenali ephezulu ethi "Cell Stem Cells" ukuba bafumene uhlobo olukhethekileyo lweeseli ze-neural stem ezinokuchacha emva konyango. I-metformin.Ukuphendula kwiimpawu ezikhuthaza ukuhlukana, kubonakala kwakhona amandla olutsha kwaye ikhuthaza ngakumbi ukuvuselelwa kwe-nerve myelin.
Oku kufunyaniswayo kuthetha ukuba i-metformin kulindeleke ukuba isetyenziswe kunyango lwezifo ezinxulumene ne-neurodegeneration-ezingenakuguqulwa, ezifana ne-multiple sclerosis.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-21-2021